Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Anambra State, Nigeria: Results of a Community Survey Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Anambra State

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global epidemic but its burden is more pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Within regions of SSA, there is paucity of data on the epidemiologic characteristics of CKD in these communities. These population-based studies are required to better describe the epidemiologic characteristics of the disease and also to aid in designing holistic prevention and treatment programs within the community. Objective: To determine the prevalence of CKD among adults residing in a rural setting in Anambra State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 391 adult residents of Ukpor, Anambra State, Nigeria who were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate used to estimate CKD prevalence. Data analysis (Kruskal-Wallis H test and Chi square test) were done using Epi Info^TM version 7.2.2.16 software. Results: The prevalence of CKD was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.0-14.2%). The prevalence of decreased kidney function and albuminuria were 6.6% (95% CI: 4.6-9.6%) and 7.9% (95% CI: 5.6-11.0%) respectively. Although there was a significant decline in eGFR with increasing age (p<0.001), the association between increasing age and reduced kidney function, albuminuria and CKD was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD in rural Anambra State is high. There is need to institute regular screening programs for CKD in order to detect people at earlier stages of CKD when appropriate measures can be taken to prevent or retard their progression to kidney failure.